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National policies and legislations

This section in module 5 covers the national policies and legislations of CH, EU & Egypt, diving deeper into how each one of them functions and operates.

Switzerland

Legal framework

Ordinance on the Return, the Take-Back and the Disposal of Electrical and Electronic Equipment (ORDEE) 1998

Consumers: bring-back obligation
(Art. 3)

Points of Sale: take-back obligation – for free
(Art. 4)

Producers: obligation to depollute and dispose
(Art. 5 & 6)

Regional authorities: enforcement + control
(Art. 11a)

European Union

  • The EU has a multinational policy for the handle of WEEE, the so-called Directive on waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE Directive 2012/19/EU).
  • The directive governs the sale, take-back and proper disposal of WEEE.
  • Each Member State must implement the framework through individual national solutions.
  • Points to address within the national legislations are:
    • National registration body and a registration obligation for producers and labelling of their products
    • The difference between B2B and B2C
    • Annual reporting of the number of products placed on the market
    • Financing of the collection and recycling scheme

The WEEE Directive applies to certain categories of electrical and electronic equipment whereas EEE is defined as:

  • equipment which is dependent on electric currents or electromagnetic fields in order to work properly
  • and equipment for the generation, transfer and measurement of such currents and fields
  • and designed for use with a voltage rating not exceeding 1,000 Volts for alternating current and 1,500 Volts for direct current;
  • Until 14 August 2018, the WEEE Directive covers EEE in the ten categories of EEE. From 15 August 2018 on, the number of categories is reduced to only six categories.

Egypt

Solid Waste management Related Laws

Main legislation enforcing the establishment of solid waste management are:

  • Law number 38 of 1967, General Public Cleansing.
  • Law number 4 of 1994 and its amendments Law /2009, Environmental Law.
  • Law number 48 of 1982, Protection of the River Nile and its Canals.
  • Law number 84 of 1968, concerning public ways.
  • Law number 202 of 2020, classifies waste as hazardous or non-hazardous, and introduces EPR concept

Laws influencing WEEE recycling industry

  • Age of imports: restricting the import of old EEE equipment with exception of some EEE that are not older than 5 years from day of production.
  • Second Hand Telecommunication Equipment Import: Article 46, prohibits the import of used telecommunication equipment for purpose of trading.
  • WEEE import: Decree 165 of 2002 of Ministry of Industry, prohibits the importing of WEEE.
  • Egyptian Law of Auction.
e-waste recycling Egypt